C Programming

Introduction to C Programming

History, features and applications of C, role of C in system programming, compiling and running C programs.

Basic Syntax and Structure

Main function, header files, printf/scanf, comments and code formatting guidelines.

Data Types, Variables, and Constants

int, float, char, bool, constants, variables, scope and lifetime of variables.

Operators

Arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, increment/decrement, ternary, sizeof, pointer and special operators, precedence and associativity.

Control Flow (if-else, switch)

if-else statements, switch-case, continue, break and nested control structures.

Looping Statements

for, while and do-while loops with nested control structures.

Functions and Modular Programming

Function declaration and definition, passing parameters, modular program design.

Recursion and Inline Functions

Implement recursion and inline functions with classic patterns.

1D Arrays

Declare and define arrays, handling arrays and traversal.

2D Arrays

Declare and define 2D arrays, matrix manipulation.

Strings

String functions and string manipulation.

Array Pattern

Pattern manipulation using arrays.

String Manipulation

Pattern manipulation using strings.

Pointers and Memory Management

Pointer basics, pointer arithmetic, arrays with pointers, null pointers.

Structures and Unions

Defining structures and unions, nested structures, passing structures to functions.

Preprocessor Directives

Macros, #define, #include, conditional compilation (#ifdef, #ifndef).

Dynamic Memory Allocation

malloc, calloc, realloc, free, memory leaks, handling large data structures.

Bitwise Operations

Bit manipulation, bitwise AND/OR/XOR and shifting operations.

Command-Line Arguments

Using argc and argv, parsing command-line arguments, real-world use cases.

Error Handling

Understanding errors, handling standard I/O errors, exit codes and debugging.

Advanced Topics (Enumerations, Typedef)

Enums and typedefs, best practices for large-scale programs.

File Handling in C

Reading from and writing to files, modes (r, w, a), error handling in file operations.